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1、電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)由開(kāi)關(guān)、小變壓器、保險(xiǎn)絲、主副接觸器、繼電器、溫度、壓力感應(yīng)裝置等組成，相對(duì)較復(fù)雜。故障多種多樣，常需要借助控制原理圖分析排查。平時(shí)要注意保持控制箱內(nèi)、外清潔干燥，不能有水、油污，定期用小掃風(fēng)機(jī)吹干凈箱內(nèi)各元件及接線柱、排上的灰塵，或用刷子蘸電器清潔劑刷干凈，以免影響接觸器、繼電器的工作或緣。設(shè)有烘潮電阻的控制箱，一般不要隨意關(guān)掉加熱開(kāi)關(guān)。還應(yīng)保持箱體接地可靠，預(yù)防觸電。更換繼電接觸器時(shí)需要注意電磁線圈工作電壓，以免換錯(cuò)燒壞線圈。一般有24V、110V和220V，對(duì)時(shí)間繼電器，除了要注意線圈電壓要求外，還要弄清時(shí)間繼電器的時(shí)間調(diào)節(jié)單位（時(shí)、分、秒）及范圍。

1. The control system of motor is composed of switch, small transformer, fuse, main and auxiliary contactor, relay, temperature and pressure induction device, etc. It is relatively complex. There are many kinds of faults, so it is often necessary to analyze and check them by means of control schematic diagram. At ordinary times, we should pay attention to keeping the inside and outside of the control box clean and dry. There should be no water or oil pollution. We should regularly use a small sweeper to blow out the dust on the components and wiring posts of the box, or dip the brush in the electrical cleaner to clean it, so as to avoid affecting the work or insulation of contactors and relays. There is a control box with moisture resistance, generally do not turn off the heating switch at will. The grounding reliability of the box body should also be maintained to prevent electric shock. When replacing the relay contactor, attention should be paid to the working voltage of the electromagnetic coil, so as to avoid burning the coil by mistake. Generally, there are 24V, 110V and 220V. For time relay, besides the coil voltage requirement, the time regulation unit (time, minute, second) and range of time relay should be clarified.

2、對(duì)采用星形-三角形(Y-△)方法啟動(dòng)的（轉(zhuǎn)換延時(shí)約5秒）電動(dòng)機(jī)，要察看其轉(zhuǎn)換啟動(dòng)情況是否正常。通常，生產(chǎn)廠家對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)周期(即每分鐘啟動(dòng)次數(shù))有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定，會(huì)在起動(dòng)控制箱上有警示標(biāo)貼，提醒使用者防止電動(dòng)機(jī)因頻繁啟動(dòng)而損壞，同時(shí)，也為防止起動(dòng)控制箱內(nèi)的一些電器組件(如起動(dòng)電抗器等)發(fā)熱燒毀。所以，對(duì)起停頻繁或電流大的電動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)縮短檢查保養(yǎng)周期。如：克令、錨機(jī)、絞纜機(jī)、主機(jī)輔助鼓風(fēng)機(jī)、主空壓機(jī)和鍋爐水泵等都需密切注意，定期檢查熱過(guò)載繼電器的保護(hù)功能(可撥動(dòng)旁邊的小紅標(biāo)色制),其設(shè)定動(dòng)作值不要超過(guò)電動(dòng)機(jī)銘牌的額定電流值，確保能起到過(guò)載保護(hù)的作用。

2. Star-triangle (Y-Delta) method is used to start (conversion delay is about 5 seconds) motors, to see whether the conversion start-up is normal. Usually, the manufacturer has strict regulations on the start-up cycle of the motor (i.e. the number of start-up times per minute). It will have warning labels on the start-up control box to remind users to prevent the motor from being damaged by frequent start-up. At the same time, it will also prevent some electrical components in the start-up control box (such as starting reactor) from burning out. Therefore, for the motor control system with frequent start-stop or large current, the inspection and maintenance period should be shortened. For example: Keling, anchor, winch, main auxiliary blower, main air compressor and boiler water pump should be paid close attention to, and the protection function of thermal overload relay should be checked regularly (small red mark color system can be moved next to it). Its setting action value should not exceed the rated current value of motor nameplate to ensure that it can play the role of overload protection.

3、要定期檢查箱內(nèi)接線和螺絲的緊固情況，防止接線和螺絲松脫。查看開(kāi)關(guān)、接觸器、繼電器等組件有無(wú)損壞或燒蝕燒焦現(xiàn)象，各元件工作狀態(tài)及起、停、連鎖功能是否正常。要保持接觸器動(dòng)、靜觸頭吸合、接觸良好，避免因觸頭接觸不好引起電動(dòng)機(jī)缺相運(yùn)行而燒壞。如果觸頭表面良好，僅是發(fā)黑，可用粗布擦一擦，不要輕易打磨掉表面的耐熱合金層，否則將縮短觸頭壽命；若觸頭表面燒蝕比較嚴(yán)重，可用“0”號(hào)沙紙將其磨平。動(dòng)、靜觸頭需保持線接觸或面接觸，而不是點(diǎn)接觸。接觸情況好壞可在動(dòng)、靜觸頭之間放張紙條來(lái)檢查，吸合時(shí)如夾不緊，說(shuō)明觸頭或彈簧需要調(diào)整或換新）。

3. Inspect wiring and screw tightening regularly to prevent wiring and screw loosening. Check whether the switch, contactor, relay and other components are damaged or ablated, and whether the working status of each component and the functions of start, stop and interlock are normal. It is necessary to keep the contactor's dynamic and static contacts in good contact, so as to avoid burning due to the lack of phase operation of the motor due to poor contact between contacts. If the contact surface is good, only blackened, can be rubbed with coarse cloth, do not easily polish the surface of the heat-resistant alloy layer, otherwise it will shorten the life of the contact; if the surface of the contact is seriously ablated, it can be rubbed flat with "0" sandpaper. Dynamic and static contacts should be kept in line or surface contact, not point contact. Contact condition can be checked by placing a strip of paper between the static and dynamic contacts. If it is not clamped tightly during suction, it indicates that the contacts or springs need to be adjusted or renewed.

總之，只要各機(jī)、電人員加強(qiáng)責(zé)任心，切實(shí)按要求進(jìn)行定期電機(jī)檢查、電機(jī)維修和電機(jī)保養(yǎng)，并當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備的聲音、溫升、工作電流和緣等不正常時(shí)，又能及時(shí)處理，我們的電氣管理水平就一定會(huì)上個(gè)新臺(tái)階，為船隊(duì)的營(yíng)運(yùn)增加一份的保證。

In a word, as long as the mechanics and electricians strengthen their sense of responsibility, carry out periodic motor inspection, motor maintenance and motor maintenance according to the requirements, and when the sound, temperature rise, working current and insulation of the equipment are found to be abnormal, and can be handled in time, our electrical management level will surely go up to a new level for the operation of the fleet. Add a security guarantee.