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離心泵的啟動、運行和停止三個過程對于設(shè)備本身和整個工作流程的正常運轉(zhuǎn)來說都是至關(guān)重要的。

接下來杭州振興工業(yè)泵制造有限公司梳理一下常見的泵啟停操作步驟以及運轉(zhuǎn)中需要注意的事項：

泵啟動前的準(zhǔn)備工作

1、灌泵

除了液下泵，其它泵啟動前（自吸泵靠前次啟動）都要進(jìn)行灌泵（即要求泵送介質(zhì)必須充滿泵腔體）。

2、倒灌裝置灌泵：

打開入口管線的截止閥，打開所有的排氣管路，排放氣體，緩慢的轉(zhuǎn)動轉(zhuǎn)子，當(dāng)泵送介質(zhì)沒有氣泡時關(guān)閉排氣閥。

3、吸入裝置灌泵：

打開入口管線的截止閥，打開所有的排氣管路，排放氣體，向泵灌注（吸入管必須設(shè)底閥），緩慢的轉(zhuǎn)動轉(zhuǎn)子，當(dāng)泵送介質(zhì)沒有氣泡時，關(guān)閉排氣閥。

4、打開所有的輔助系統(tǒng)，并要求所有的輔助系統(tǒng)至少工作10分鐘以上，等到整個輔助系統(tǒng)工作穩(wěn)定后，方可進(jìn)行下一步，此處輔助系統(tǒng)包括潤滑油系統(tǒng)、密封沖洗系統(tǒng)、冷卻保溫系統(tǒng)等。

5、對設(shè)備進(jìn)行盤車檢查設(shè)備轉(zhuǎn)動是否靈活：

啟動電動機，再次判斷泵旋轉(zhuǎn)方向是否正確；確認(rèn)后固定好聯(lián)軸器護罩。

6、干氣密封系統(tǒng)投用：

打開氮氣入口閥，對密封腔進(jìn)行充壓。干氣密封的氣源壓力必須在0.5～1.0Mpa之間。每臺泵按具體要求對密封腔壓力、流量進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

泵的啟動

1、確認(rèn)吸入閥全開，排出閥關(guān)閉或微開；有小流量管路時，排出閥全關(guān)，全開小流量閥。

2、關(guān)閉出口管路截止閥（必須保證小流量）；

3、啟動電機，使泵轉(zhuǎn)子達(dá)到運轉(zhuǎn)速度；

4、緩慢打開出口閥使泵的出口壓力、流量達(dá)到規(guī)定數(shù)值。開出口閥同時應(yīng)檢查電機電流變化，避免電機過載。在流量增加時，還應(yīng)注意泵的密封有無異常泄漏、泵的振動情況是否正常、泵體和電機等有無異常聲音、出口壓力的變化等，如泵有異常的泄漏、異常的振動、異常的噪音或出口壓力低于設(shè)計值，應(yīng)查明原因并進(jìn)行處理。

5、當(dāng)泵正常運轉(zhuǎn)后，檢查泵的出口壓力、出口流量、電機電流、軸承和密封處的溫度、潤滑油的油位、泵的振動、噪音以及密封處泄漏情況；（根據(jù)工藝需要）關(guān)閉小流量旁路的閥門。做好相關(guān)設(shè)備運行記錄。

注意：

( 1 )泵的大啟動頻率不能超過12次/小時；

( 2 ) 壓差不能低于設(shè)計點，也不能在系統(tǒng)中引起性能參數(shù)的波動。泵出口壓力表值等于壓差加上入口壓力表值；

( 3 ) 滿負(fù)荷時電流表上的讀數(shù)，保證電流不超過電機銘牌上的值；

( 4 ) 泵配套的電機有可能根據(jù)買方的要求，按實際介質(zhì)比重選擇，在進(jìn)行試運行時，應(yīng)考慮電機的功率。如果實際介質(zhì)比重比試運行介質(zhì)的比重小，請在試運行時，嚴(yán)格控制閥門的開度，避免電機過載甚至燒毀。必要時必須與泵制造商聯(lián)系。

泵的停機

1、慢慢關(guān)小排出閥，直到流量達(dá)到小流量為止。

2 、切斷電源，停泵，關(guān)閉出口閥。

3、設(shè)有小流量旁通管路時，在旁通閥全開的情況下關(guān)閉排出閥，然后切斷電源停泵。高溫泵要在降溫到80℃以下時才可停止循環(huán)水；密封系統(tǒng)（沖洗液、密封氣）要在停泵20分鐘以后視情況停止。

4、備用泵：吸入閥全開，排出閥全關(guān)（設(shè)有小流量旁通管路時，旁通閥全開，排出閥全閉），從而使泵內(nèi)處于滿液的吸入壓力狀態(tài)。備用泵的冷卻水要繼續(xù)投用，保持潤滑油液位不低于規(guī)定油位。冬季要特別注意檢查，保持冷卻水暢通，避免凍凝。

5、備用泵要按規(guī)定盤車。

6、 (停車后)需要檢修的泵，停泵（降溫）后先關(guān)閉干氣密封系統(tǒng)氮氣入口閥，將密封腔泄壓，再完全排出泵內(nèi)液體和冷卻系統(tǒng)中的冷卻水，使泵體內(nèi)的壓力下降為零，泵內(nèi)殘存的物料吹掃干凈，所有閥門全部關(guān)閉，并且與變電所聯(lián)系斷電?，F(xiàn)場處理要滿足HSE要求。

The three processes of start, operation and stop of centrifugal pump are very important for the normal operation of the equipment and the whole working process.

Next, Hangzhou Zhenxing Industrial Pump Manufacturing Co., Ltd. combs the following common pump start and stop operation steps and matters needing attention during operation:

Preparation before starting the pump

1. Irrigation pump

In addition to the submerged pump, other pumps must be filled before starting (the first start of the self-priming pump) (that is, the pumped medium must be filled into the pump chamber).

2. Pump filling of reverse filling device:

Open the stop valve of the inlet pipeline, open all the exhaust pipelines, discharge the gas, slowly rotate the rotor, and close the exhaust valve when there is no bubble in the pumped medium.

3. Filling pump of suction device:

Open the stop valve of the inlet pipeline, open all the exhaust pipelines, discharge the gas, fill the pump (the suction pipe must be equipped with a bottom valve), slowly rotate the rotor, and close the exhaust valve when there is no bubble in the pumped medium.

4. Open all auxiliary systems, and require all auxiliary systems to work for at least 10 minutes. When the whole auxiliary system works stably, the next step can be carried out. Here, the auxiliary system includes lubricating oil system, seal flushing system, cooling and heat preservation system, etc.

5. Turn the equipment to check whether it can rotate flexibly:

Start the motor, judge whether the rotation direction of the pump is correct again; fix the coupling guard after confirmation.

6. Operation of dry gas sealing system:

Open the nitrogen inlet valve to charge the sealing chamber. The air source pressure of dry gas seal must be between 0.5 and 1.0MPa. Each pump shall adjust the pressure and flow of the sealing chamber according to the specific requirements.

Pump start-up

1. Confirm that the suction valve is fully open and the discharge valve is closed or slightly open; when there is a minimum flow pipeline, the discharge valve is fully closed and the minimum flow valve is fully open.

2. Close the outlet pipeline stop valve (the minimum flow must be guaranteed);

3. Start the motor to make the pump rotor reach the running speed;

4. Slowly open the outlet valve to make the outlet pressure and flow of the pump reach the specified value. Open the outlet valve and check the motor current change to avoid motor overload. When the flow rate increases, it is also necessary to pay attention to whether the seal of the pump has abnormal leakage, whether the vibration of the pump is normal, whether the pump body and motor have abnormal sound, and whether the outlet pressure changes, etc. if the pump has abnormal leakage, abnormal vibration, abnormal noise or the outlet pressure is lower than the design value, the cause shall be found out and handled.

5. When the pump is in normal operation, check the outlet pressure, outlet flow, motor current, temperature of bearing and seal, oil level of lubricating oil, vibration, noise of pump and leakage of seal; (according to process requirements) close the valve of minimum flow bypass. Make operation records of relevant equipment.

Be careful:

(1) the maximum starting frequency of the pump shall not exceed 12 times / hour;

(2) the pressure difference shall not be lower than the design point or cause the fluctuation of performance parameters in the system. The pump outlet pressure gauge value is equal to the pressure difference plus the inlet pressure gauge value;

(3) the reading on the ammeter at full load to ensure that the current does not exceed the value on the motor nameplate;

(4) the matching motor of the pump may be selected according to the requirements of the buyer and the specific gravity of the actual medium, and the power of the motor shall be considered during the trial operation. If the specific gravity of the actual medium is smaller than that of the commissioning medium, please strictly control the opening of the valve during the commissioning to avoid overloading or even burning the motor. The pump manufacturer must be contacted if necessary.

Pump shutdown

1. Slowly close the discharge valve until the flow reaches the minimum flow.

2. Cut off the power supply, stop the pump and close the outlet valve.

3. When the minimum flow bypass pipeline is set, close the discharge valve when the bypass valve is fully open, and then cut off the power supply to stop the pump. The circulating water can only be stopped when the temperature of high-temperature pump drops below 80 ℃; the sealing system (flushing fluid and sealing gas) shall be stopped as the case may be 20 minutes after the pump is stopped.

4. Standby pump: the suction valve is fully open and the discharge valve is fully closed (when the minimum flow bypass pipeline is set, the bypass valve is fully open and the discharge valve is fully closed), so as to make the pump in the suction pressure state of full liquid. The cooling water of standby pump shall be put into use continuously, and the lubricating oil level shall not be lower than the specified level. Special attention should be paid to check in winter to keep the cooling water unblocked and avoid freezing.

5. The standby pump shall be turned as required.

6. (after shutdown) for the pump to be overhauled, close the nitrogen inlet valve of dry gas sealing system first after shutdown (cooling), release the pressure in the sealing chamber, and then completely discharge the liquid in the pump and cooling water in the cooling system, so that the pressure in the pump body drops to zero, the remaining materials in the pump are purged clean, all valves are closed, and contact the substation for power failure. Site treatment shall meet HSE requirements.