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離心泵是采用電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)帶動(dòng)葉輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，通過離心力的作用完成輸送，離心泵是一種能量轉(zhuǎn)換的機(jī)器，能量的轉(zhuǎn)換過程必然伴隨能量的損失，而效率就是這種轉(zhuǎn)換的量度，怎樣提高離心泵的效率，減少能量的損失呢？就必須弄清楚泵內(nèi)能量的損耗。泵內(nèi)的能量損耗主要包括以下三方面：

Centrifugal pump is a kind of energy conversion machine. The energy conversion process must be accompanied by the loss of energy. Efficiency is the measure of this conversion. How to improve the efficiency of centrifugal pump and reduce the loss of energy? It is necessary to understand the loss of energy in the pump. The energy loss in the pump mainly includes the following three aspects:

1、離心泵水力損失

1. Hydraulic loss of centrifugal pump

泵過流部分（從進(jìn)口到出口）液體的流體必然有速度大小和方向改變引起的損失，這兩部分就是水力損失。要減少這部分損失，除了提高過流部件的光潔度外，盡量選用優(yōu)秀的水力模型。

The fluid flow in the flow passage part of the pump (from the inlet to the outlet) must have the loss caused by the change of velocity and direction, which is the hydraulic loss. In order to reduce this part of the loss, in addition to improving the smoothness of the overflow components, the best hydraulic model should be selected as far as possible.

2、離心泵機(jī)械損耗

2. Mechanical Loss of Centrifugal Pumps

主要是液體和葉輪前后蓋板外表面及泵腔的摩擦損失（也叫圓盤損失）。圓盤損失所占比例較大，甚至達(dá)到占有效功率的30%。試驗(yàn)表明圓盤損失和轉(zhuǎn)速的三次方成正比，和葉輪外徑的五次方成正比。因此，葉輪外徑越大，圓盤損失也越大。雖然圓盤損失和轉(zhuǎn)速的三次方成正比，但在給定的揚(yáng)程下，隨之轉(zhuǎn)速的提高，葉輪外徑相應(yīng)地減少（可以認(rèn)為泵轉(zhuǎn)速的提高一倍，葉輪外徑減少一半），圓盤損失成五次方比例下降，所以，隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的提高，圓盤損失并不增加，反而下降，這是發(fā)展高速泵的原因之一。

It is mainly the friction loss (also called disk loss) of the outer surface of the front and rear cover plates of the liquid and impeller and the pump chamber. Disk loss accounts for a large proportion, even up to 30% of the effective power. Experiments show that the loss of disk is proportional to the cubic power of rotational speed and to the quintic power of impeller outer diameter. Therefore, the larger the outer diameter of the impeller, the greater the disc loss. Although the loss of the disk is proportional to the cubic of the rotational speed, the outer diameter of the impeller decreases accordingly with the increase of the rotational speed at a given head (it can be considered that the increase of the rotational speed of the pump doubles and the outer diameter of the impeller reduces by half), and the loss of the disk decreases in a quintic proportion. Therefore, with the increase of the rotational speed, the loss of the disk does not increase. On the contrary, it declined, which is one of the reasons for the development of high-speed pumps.

3、容積損失

3. Volume loss

葉輪的一部分液體經(jīng)葉輪密封環(huán)間隙泄露回到葉輪進(jìn)口而得不到有效利用，形成損失。因此，密封環(huán)的間隙應(yīng)是越小越好，但由于加工和裝配等原因，過小的間隙可能形成偏磨或卡死，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)各種類型的泵的間隙做了專門的規(guī)定。

A part of the liquid in the impeller leaks back to the impeller inlet through the clearance of the sealing ring of the impeller, and can not be effectively utilized, resulting in loss. Therefore, the clearance of the sealing ring should be as small as possible, but due to processing and assembly reasons, too small clearance may form eccentric wear or jam, the national standard has made special provisions for the clearance of various types of pumps.

提高離心泵效率應(yīng)采取的措施：

Measures should be taken to improve the efficiency of centrifugal pumps:

1、選用新泵時(shí)，應(yīng)選大廠家生產(chǎn)的泵，以保證離心泵高效率。更換低效離心泵。更換時(shí)，選用與實(shí)際運(yùn)行工況參數(shù)相接近的離心泵，保證了更換后的泵始終在高效狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行。更換低效、高耗離心泵后，可提高泵效10％左右。

1. When selecting new pumps, the pumps produced by large manufacturers should be selected to ensure the high efficiency of centrifugal pumps. Replace inefficient centrifugal pumps. When replacing, the centrifugal pump, which is close to the actual operating conditions, is selected to ensure that the replaced pump always operates in an efficient state. After replacing the low efficiency and high consumption centrifugal pump, the pump efficiency can be increased by about 10%.

2、嚴(yán)格按照離心泵操作規(guī)程，啟泵前一要進(jìn)行盤泵，打開進(jìn)口閥門，關(guān)閉出口閥門，進(jìn)行排氣放空，檢查泵的進(jìn)口壓力是否符合要求。防止供液壓力低和流量不足而引起泵的氣蝕現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。

2. In strict accordance with the operating rules of centrifugal pumps, the disc pump should be carried out before starting the pump, the inlet valve should be opened, the outlet valve should be closed, and the exhaust gas should be exhausted to check whether the inlet pressure of the pump meets the requirements. To prevent pump cavitation caused by low hydraulic pressure and insufficient flow.

3、變頻節(jié)能技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)大于實(shí)際運(yùn)行工況的離心泵，加裝變頻調(diào)速裝置后，始終運(yùn)行在高效區(qū)。

3. Application of frequency conversion energy-saving technology. For centrifugal pumps whose design parameters are larger than the actual operating conditions, the centrifugal pumps always run in the high efficiency area after installing frequency conversion speed regulating device.

4、在主要離心泵上推廣應(yīng)用高效節(jié)能的永磁調(diào)速電機(jī)及雙功率電機(jī)等新型節(jié)能產(chǎn)品。

4. Promote the application of new energy-saving products such as high-efficiency and energy-saving permanent magnet speed-regulating motor and dual-power motor on the main centrifugal pumps.

5、定期清理過濾缸，檢查管線連接，保證離心泵進(jìn)液管路暢通。

5. Clean the filter cylinder regularly and check the pipeline connection to ensure the smooth flow of the centrifugal pump intake pipeline.

6、定期對(duì)離心泵進(jìn)行泵效檢測(cè)，對(duì)泵效低的泵組，要及時(shí)查找原因，采取相應(yīng)措施加以解決。

6. Pump efficiency testing of centrifugal pumps should be carried out regularly. For pumps with low pump efficiency, the causes should be found in time and corresponding measures should be taken to solve them.

7、離心泵的維護(hù)。

7. Maintenance of centrifugal pumps.

(1)要經(jīng)常對(duì)離心泵軸端密封進(jìn)行檢查和調(diào)整，降低容積損失；

(1) The seal of the shaft end of centrifugal pump should be checked and adjusted regularly to reduce the volume loss;

(2)當(dāng)離心泵累計(jì)運(yùn)行1萬(wàn)h后，應(yīng)進(jìn)行大修，恢復(fù)泵效；在離心泵上推廣應(yīng)用波紋管密封技術(shù)，徹底消除離心泵外漏，提高容積效率。

(2) When the centrifugal pump runs for 10,000 hours, it should be overhauled to restore the pump efficiency; the bellows sealing technology should be popularized in centrifugal pumps to eliminate the leakage of centrifugal pumps and improve the volumetric efficiency.